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Remember...James Aubrey Stewart
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Army T/4 James Aubrey Stewart was born in Mineral County, West Virginia, on September 6, 1906 (although military records state his birth year as 1907), the son of James H. and Emma B. Stewart. It was a Stewart family tradition to call the children by their middle names (possibly because a family member already had the given name, as was the case of James Aubrey's father), so James became known as "Aubrey," and, as he grew older, "Mr. Aubrey." Aubrey was the youngest sibling in a family that included brothers Harry and Leslie and sisters Mary Magnolia (usually called "Magnolia"), Fanchion, and Isabel.
| James Aubrey Stewart's early life was probably little different from that of his peers growing up in the small town of Piedmont, West Virginia. He attended Howard High School, the intellectual and social focus of the community. He joined the Waldon M.E. Church. And, as a young man, Mr. Aubrey received some acclaim as a pitcher for the Piedmont Giants Negro baseball team. |  James Aubrey Stewart Courtesy T. J. Coleman. |
By the time he volunteered for service in World War II, though, Aubrey was eighteen years into his career with the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company in Luke, Maryland. The paper mill was the place he and most of his friends would expect to work when they finished high school, and perhaps Aubrey was more likely than the others to become a respected employee of the company. According to TJ Coleman, a historian working on The Aubrey Stewart Project, James H. Stewart was the first black employee at the Westvaco Paper Mill, hired by Mr. Luke himself. Aubrey's father became a skilled bricklayer and master carpenter at the mill, where most African American men were destined to work the loading docks.
 Group of Piedmont soldiers. Front row, L-R: unknown, Joe Majors, and Bryson Cole. Back row: Carl Fisher, Herman Thompson, Aubrey Stewart, and unknown. Courtesy T. J. Coleman. |
Mr. Aubrey was inducted into the Army at Clarksburg, West Virginia, on December 7, 1942. He trained at Camp Gruber and Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and was sent overseas in January 1944 as part of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion. Though he never married and had no children, Mr. Aubrey was a devoted family man. In a lengthy letter to his mother, dated October 11, 1944, from "somewhere in Belgium," he inquires about her health and tells her not to worry: "You should'nt want for a thing that's what a send the money for to use as you see fit." He makes light of the situation in which he finds himself, poking fun at his living conditions: "You should see our house:a hole with logs and dirt on top a big can for a stove & a radio. Its very comfortable Smile. Tell Fan & Doris Ill build them one. very cheap. ha ha." |
His last letter:written to his father:was dated December 7. His handwriting is strong and his tone, chatty. He talks about the weather being cold and the mail being slow. Aubrey asks his father to tell his niece Doris that he "saw a good USO show the other day feautreing Marlene Dietrich it was very good." He talks about sending the family a box, which they probably won't get in time for Christmas, but "better late than never."
Technical Sergeant Stewart was reported missing on December 17, 1944, the day after the Germans launched their bitter winter counteroffensive in Belgium (now known as "The Battle of the Bulge"), and his death was confirmed on January 6, 1945. (More on the Battle of the Bulge can be found at http://www.army.mil/botb/ or http://worldwar2history.info/Bulge/. A detailed account of this military campaign is Hugh M. Cole's online book The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge.)
Though the facts of the separation from their unit, their shelter in the rural village of Wereth, Belgium, and the eventual betrayal of Stewart and his fellow soldiers were obscured for some time, recent media attention has made the incredible saga of his small group more accessible. Disconnected from their unit, Mr. Aubrey and ten others stopped at a Wereth farmhouse, where initially they had the good fortune to be taken in by the family of Mathias Langer, a sympathizer to the Allies. After being given a meal of what food Mathias could spare, they were hidden in a barn with two deserting German soldiers and Mathias' teenage son, also in hiding to keep from being conscripted by the Nazis. But the luck of the men (who came to be known as "The Wereth 11") did not hold, as a neighbor informed a nearby German unit. Rather than jeopardize Langer's family, the eleven surrendered, and the next day they were found hideously murdered in a snow-covered field behind Mathias' farmhouse. The Wereth 11's act of heroism likely spared not only the Langer family but also other sympathizers to the Allies in the pro-Nazi village. For his part in the action, Aubrey was awarded the Purple Heart. In February 2011 the National Geographic Channel featured a documentary film rendering of the full story:The Wereth 11.
| Tech Sergeant Stewart was the uncle of four nephews serving in the armed forces (including Staff Sgt. Harry N. Stewart, serving in Luxembourg; Cpl. William Stewart, serving in India; and Pfc. James M. Stewart, serving in France); the fourth, Sgt. Clarence "Robert" Stewart (like William, serving in India) also lost his life in World War II. Mr. Aubrey is interred in Plot C, Row 11, Grave 2, in the Henri-Chapelle Cemetery in Belgium. In Piedmont, a VFW post named for Aubrey Stewart has been disbanded. |  James Aubrey Stewart grave marker Courtesy T. J. Coleman. |
While much factual material has been amassed on James Aubrey Stewart:Mr. Aubrey:many questions remain. Why would someone closing in on middle age (Mr. Aubrey was in his late thirties when he volunteered), someone in a solid career with his company, risk all? As an African American soldier in the racially segregated U.S. Army of World War II, why would he be willing to make the ultimate sacrifice while at the same time not being able to fully participate in the society he left behind? A group of friends and relatives, determined to tell his remarkable story, think they may have some of the answers. TJ Coleman (a military veteran himself) and Kip Price (also a Piedmont native) co-founded The Aubrey Stewart Project in an effort to keep Mr. Aubrey's memory alive. Among their many projects are restoring the Aubrey family home on Erin Street in Piedmont; founding a museum that reflects life in Piedmont as it was when Mr. Aubrey was growing up; and providing scholarships for deserving young people who have exhibited citizenship, community service, and selflessness in their high school careers. The project co-founders have taken the Aubrey Stewart story on the road, talking to elementary, middle, high school, and college audiences, as well as civic groups and senior citizens; spreading the word about this modest but courageous man; and inspiring young people. Coleman expects to publish his book Aubrey Stewart: One of the Wereth 11:One of Us in 2011.
Although Price and Coleman never met Mr. Aubrey, they think they know him. They describe him as a well-respected man, much loved by his family. This love was reciprocated in his letters and gifts to his nieces and nephews from places he passed through in the European campaign. He talked a lot about his battalion, and his letters demonstrated he liked to tell funny stories. Above all, they say, he never complained. Pictures of Mr. Aubrey, both civilian and military, show a humble man with a half smile. But it is his eyes that tell the story. They show the character of a caring man.
Since the posting of this brief biography, the story of James Aubrey Stewart continues to be written. Two major events of 2017 further elucidate the story of the lives of "Mr. Aubrey" and his comrades in arms and their heroic deaths.
The first is a U.S. Senate resolution introduced in March 2017 by Senator Joe Manchin and passed unanimously in October of that year. Titled "A resolution recognizing the 11 African-American soldiers of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion who were massacred in Wereth, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944," it reads:
Recognizing the 11 African-American soldiers of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion who were massacred in Wereth, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944.Whereas, in December 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge in Belgium, soldiers of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion, an African-American unit of the Army, were operating in support of the 106th Infantry Division when the 106th Infantry Division and the soldiers from the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion were overrun;
Whereas, months after the Battle of the Bulge, the frozen bodies of 11 soldiers from the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion were found near the Belgian hamlet of Wereth;
Whereas the bodies of the 11 soldiers were-
(1) identified as James Stewart of West Virginia, Due Turner of Arkansas, Curtis Adams of South Carolina, Mager Bradley of Mississippi, George Davis, Jr., of Alabama, Thomas Forte of Mississippi, Robert Green of Georgia, James Leatherwood of Mississippi, Nathaniel Moss of Texas, George Motten of Texas, and William Pritchett of Alabama;
(2) examined by Army Medical Corps officials; and
(3) found to have been stabbed, shot, and struck by blunt force;
Whereas the massacre of the 11 African-American soldiers of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion in Wereth remains unknown to the vast majority of the people of the United States;
Whereas, in 2004, a permanent monument in Wereth was dedicated to the 11 African-American soldiers of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion who lost their lives in Wereth during the Battle of the Bulge in the effort to defeat fascism and defend freedom; and
Whereas the 11 patriots have become known as the "Wereth 11": Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate, on behalf of the United States, recognizes the dedicated service and ultimate sacrifice of the 11 African-American soldiers of the 333rd Field Artillery Battalion who were massacred in Wereth, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944.
The second 2017 event noting the sacrifices of the Wereth 11 is the publication of a book by Denise George and Robert Child. The Lost Eleven: The Forgotten Story of Black American Soldiers Brutally Massacred in World War II (NY: Penguin) provides backstories of the eleven principals and then carries through with the story of the massacre. Known historical details are interspersed with hypothetical conversations among the eleven, the result being a highly readable account. James Aubrey Stewart, being the oldest of the eleven, is portrayed as both a competent military leader and father figure. Many of the hypothetical conversations deal with what the future holds after the war, the characters projecting the integration of the armed services and major league baseball, both of which came to pass, and were foreseen by James Aubrey Stewart.
Information contributed by TJ Coleman, Kip Price, and Charles Stewart (now deceased, nephew of Aubrey Stewart).
West Virginia Archives and History welcomes any additional information that can be provided about these veterans, including photographs, family names, letters and other relevant personal history.
